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On July 6, the main forum of the 27th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology was held in Beijing. Wan Gang, President of the China Association for Science and Technology, attended the forum and delivered a speech. Academician Li Jiabiao from the SIO was invited to deliver a keynote speech at the meeting. Focusing on deep-sea technology, Academician Li Jiabiao delivered a keynote speech titled “Innovation and Breakthroughs in Deep-Sea Exploration in Polar Ice Regions”. Drawing on the achievements of the SIO in polar deep-sea exploration over the years, he introduced a series of existing international polar marine programs and the JASMInE (Joint Arctic Scientific Middle-ocean Ridge Insight Expedition) program, which was initiated by the SIO. He pointed out that as polar regions have become a new focal point in global ocean governance, the technological capabilities for deep-sea exploration beneath ice are at the forefront of systemic competition in technology and equipment. During the main forum, the China Association for Science and Technology also released the Top Ten Frontier Scientific Questions, Top Ten Engineering and Technical Challenges, and Top Ten Industrial and Technical Problems for 2025. Among them, several challenges, such as “Large-scale Deep-sea Mining Equipment and Environmental Disturbance Mitigation” and “Intelligent Processing and Industrial Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Data”, align with the key development directions of the SIO.